west midlands police phone number

[83], The events planning department has responsibility for co-ordinating large-scale events taking place within the force area and also for ensuring that officers are available should they be required to support other regional forces through mutual aid arrangements. PSD work alongside the Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC), to whom they will refer the most serious allegations. She operates from the Belgrave Road Police Station on 0121 265 7000, her extension is 7824-6224. Anyone with information that may help police should contact the force by calling 101, quoting crime reference number 20 . Alternatively ring Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555111. Opening times: 24 hours Bournville police station 341 Bournville Lane Bournville Birmingham B30 1QX Opening times: 8am-10pm Lloyd House - West Midlands Police Headquarters Colmore Circus Birmingham B4 6NQ (Sat Nav users please use B4 6AT. Pre-owned, but not taken out of its original box, this rare Lledo promotional die-cast model of a Midlands Red (Sandwell Police livery) bus, is part of the Days Gone collection. [12] The first Chief Constable appointed to the new force was Sir Derrick Capper, the last Chief Constable of Birmingham Police. [1], West Midlands Police covers an area of 348 square miles (900km2) with 2.93million inhabitants,[2] which includes the cities of Birmingham, Coventry, Wolverhampton and also the Black Country. Be polite - give feedback in a constructive way. If you are a scheme employer you should call the Employer Services Help line, please click here for details. Read More . [30][31], Plans to privatise parts of the force were halted by Bob Jones, the force's first Police and Crime Commissioner, upon taking office in 2012. If other please name the platform used: 8. A series of around 40 prosecutions failed in the late 1980s as defendants showed that evidence had or may have been tampered with. [71] Learn More. The public protection unit (PPU) investigates reports of sexual assaults and incidents involving children and vulnerable people. I think criminals are well aware now how stretched we are. You can try to dialing this number: +44 121 626 8202 Supportline 08 08 16 89 111 If you need support outside of your local team's opening hours, you can call our Supportline for free. D. Fair Processing Notice National Fraud Initiative. To get in touch with a member of WMCA Customer Services use the information below on how to contact us. Primary investigation Attending incidents in the first instance, Response officers gather available evidence and record offences. PPU is split between adult and child investigations, is responsible for safeguarding and works with partner agencies such as social services and domestic violence charities. [16], Under proposals announced by the then Home Secretary, Charles Clarke, on 6 February 2006, West Midlands Police would have merged with Staffordshire Police, West Mercia Constabulary and Warwickshire Constabulary to form a single strategic force for the West Midlands region. uklocalsearch.info is not responsible for content on external web sites. [54], The area covered by West Midlands Police is divided into ten Local Policing Units (LPUs). [72] Officers working at the airport have additional powers under the Terrorism Act 2000 as the airport is "designated" under the terms of the Act[73] and some are armed. . The . Previously, the Midlands Air Operations Unit was a consortium of West Midlands, Warwickshire, West Mercia and Staffordshire Police based at Birmingham Airport. An internal inquiry was held, and as a result, use of firearms was restricted to a specialised and trained unit. They can be allocated to neighbourhoods suffering particular issues, for example anti-social behaviour, and are also often public order trained, so are used for policing football matches, demonstrations and similar occasions. The following policies are listed alphabetically, reviewed on a continual basis and updated here accordingly: Academic Research Applications v1.3. Free Tools ; Leads by Industry . They retain their status as student officers for a period of two years from their joining date during which they are required to maintain a record of their development. [64] Response officers undergo enhanced driving training and also have a range of other skills required to perform their role including 'method of entry' training so that they can force entry into premises. 1. It turns out West Midlands Police is the lowest-rated force in England and Wales. Information on making a complaint can be found here. Offenders who fall into this category include those designated as prolific and other priority offenders (PPOs), drug users, violent criminals and young criminals. West Midlands DY1 1HZ . Between 1974 and 1989, the force operated the West Midlands Serious Crime Squad. 0 AM 31 May 2008 I did not get a call from Georgina J but some other police officer who said that it was from a call centre!! You work long hours including nights depending on your contract, but as it's a 24 hour service there is no such thing as a weekend. How many posts in total were made by the public on your forces social media channels in the period 1st April 2019 to 31st October 2020? The convicted criminal David Harris alleged that West Midlands police officers had demanded payments of more than 200,000 to keep criminals including himself away from prosecutions. A complaint by the Police Federation union noted that the practice was illegal and condemned it as "not fit for purpose". Birmingham New Street, also known as New Street station, is the largest and busiest of the three main railway stations in Birmingham city centre, England, and a central hub of the British railway system.It is a major destination for Avanti West Coast services from London Euston, Glasgow Central and Edinburgh Waverley via the West Coast Main Line, the CrossCountry network, and for local and . I trust this is helpful, but it does not affect our legal right to rely on the fees regulations for the remainder of the request. Providing support for abstractions Resourcing abstractions such as football matches, demonstrations and similar incidents so that Neighbourhood officers are able to focus on their beats. PSD also has a role in investigating serious reports of misconduct and corruption involving members of the force. If you're an experienced Police Officer who has. Call 0800 40 50 40 or text 61016 for non-emergency enquiries. Please state the number of 999 calls received by your force's control room in the period 1st April 2019 to 31st October 2020. [75] CMPG also have a regional control centre in Quinton, Birmingham shared with Highways England. You can fill in the contact form below, give us a call, write to us or get in touch on social media. Find out about covering lost pension due to an unpaid leave of absence, Make a compliment, complaint or provide feedback. [25], In 2010, the force implemented regulation A19, requiring officers with 30 or more years service to retire, in response to government funding cuts. West Midlands Police West Yorkshire Police West Yorkshire Police West Yorkshire Casualty Reduction Partnership PO Box 1376 Bradford BD5 5EX Tel: 01274 373720 (Lines are open Mon-Fri 10am-4pm) Email:camera.unit@westyorkshire.pnn.police.uk L. D. Macfarlane process bureau Manager. Black Country House, Rounds Green Road, Oldbury B69 2DG, Black Country Ho Rounds Green Rd, Oldbury B69 2DG, Christ Church Birmingham Street, Oldbury B69 4DY, 4, Halesowen Street, Town Centre, Oldbury B69 3AF, Jack Judge House 10 Halesowen Street, Oldbury B69 4DE, 3 Crown House Green Street, Oldbury B69 4JP, The School House Churchbridge, Oldbury B69 2AX, Staffordshire And Black Country Business Innovation Centre, Sandwell Community Information & Participation Service, Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council-MCI Logistic Solutions, Tipton Litterwatch Within Shirdas Lane Recycling Depot, West Midlands Police - Oldbury Police Station. 5-7 Hill Street. Every department within Wolverhampton PoliceTwitter account. The safer travel team is a collaboration between West Midlands Police, the British Transport Police and CENTRO, focusing on criminal activity occurring on the public transport network. [123], Traffic units, particularly officers performing collision investigation duties, use laser plotting devices to accurately survey collision sights and carry devices that can be used to measure road friction and deceleration values. Contact the Recruitment & Onboarding Team. Be specific about your experience and the services that were provided. [46], The West Midlands Police and Crime Commissioner (PCC), established in 2012 as one of several directly-elected police and crime commissioners and replacing the West Midlands Police Authority, is responsible for oversight and accountability for WMP and appoints the chief constable. Where do you want to take your course? Our privacy policy. The airport has a dedicated airports policing team assigned who work closely with Border Force customs and immigration officers. [120], As part of standard issue Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), officers carry Sepura TETRA radios, rigid handcuffs, PAVA spray and an extendible friction lock baton. Keeping your personal information safe and secure is a priority for us. Telephone. If you are a customer with a enquiry about using our services, please use the contact points listed above. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. If you are enquiring on behalf of ascheme member, we must hold the relevant authority or Power of Attorney on record to be able to correspond with you. 1. Community action and priority teams were a new addition to the force's structure under Continuous Improvement. There are a number of ways to get in touch with the Police and Crime Commissioner. Response duties. received unsolicited message saying 'hi' but nothing else from a 'business account' on whatsapp. Centre City Probation Service Office. Historically in Staffordshire, Handsworth lies just outside Birmingham City Centre and near the town of Smethwick . West Midlands Fire Service Yesterday at 4:12 AM We've been assisting Staffordshire Fire and Rescue and South Staffor . 258 Delph Road, Brierley Hill, West Midlands, DY5 2RP . Bronze commanders wear yellow epaulettes, inspectors wear red epaulettes, sergeants wear white epaulettes, tactical advisors wear blue epaulettes, medics wear green epaulettes and evidence gathering officers have orange epaulettes. If you want to share your thoughts about West Midlands Police - Oldbury Police Station, use the form below and your opinion, advice or comment will appear in this space. A few clicks and you can find that West Midlands telephone number that you need to call. Office address and contact details. Force information Organisation Telephone number; Action Fraud: 0300 123 2040: B20/B21. [102] The dedicated control centre is staffed 24 hours a day to spot and respond to incidents.[102]. [87] Officers undertake a ten-week selection process to join the firearms unit with courses being delivered on weapons, tactics and advanced driving. In 2019, 10.9% of officers were from a BAME background, compared with 8.5% in 2014. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Dogs are continually recruited from rescue centres and from members of the public. c) Other Last edited on 27 February 2023, at 15:54, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Staffordshire County and Stoke-on-Trent Constabulary, His Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services, West Midlands Police and Crime Commissioner, the issue of shotgun and firearms certificates to members of the public, Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000, Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services, Police_duty_belt Country-specific_equipment, List of British police officers killed in the line of duty, Murder of Letisha Shakespeare and Charlene Ellis, Attempted Mosque bombings and murder of Mohammed Saleem, List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Table of police forces in the United Kingdom, "West Midlands Police in line to receive extra 36 million but chief warns settlement isn't enough", "Data tables for 'Police workforce, England and Wales: 30 September 2020', "R. v. Derek Treadaway [1996] EWCA Crim 1457", "R. v. Keith Twitchell [2000] 1 Cr.App.R. - Select -YesNo Prior to Continuous Improvement, the force had operated with larger response and neighbourhood teams and smaller teams allocated to prisoner handling roles. You can find out more about which cookies we are using or switch them off in settings. [96] This work includes running exercises and drills to test readiness and working closely with other emergency services and local authorities. Select Cookie Settings to find out more information. Aligned to specific neighbourhoods, these officers seek to tackle long term issues affecting local areas and attend community meetings. Involved in delivering Equality training post McPherson's review. Contact - West Midlands Police & Crime Commissioner Home > Contact Explore Contact To get in touch with the PCC or one of his team please fill in the contact form below or email. Feedback1 Rate this page (1 star poor - 3 stars excellent). This means that the cost of compliance with the whole of your request is above the amount to which we are legally required to respond, i.e. View Marc Chetwynd's business profile as Vetting Officer at West Midlands Police. [60] These officers are also responsible for completing prosecution files and other paperwork necessary for taking cases to court. v weird and annoying. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. In 1980, David Pagett held his pregnant girlfriend as hostage while resisting arrest by the police. Email *. Thompson added, There is no question there will be more obvious rationing of services. For West Midlands Police, the appropriate limit is set at 450, as prescribed by the Freedom of Information and Data Protection (Appropriate Limit and Fees) Regulations 2004, S.I. Also known as Corporate Communications, the West Midlands Police Press Office is centralised at headquarters and is charged with representing the force's public image. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. [42][43][44], The current chief constable is Craig Guildford,[45] and the deputy chief constable is Vanessa Jardine. [27] The ruling was later overturned by the Employment Appeal Tribunal, whose decision was upheld in the Court of Appeal in 2017. His house was then searched. The following officers of West Midlands Police are listed by the trust as having died attempting to prevent, stop or solve a crime:[134], Regional policing in the West Midlands prior to 1974, Controversies and allegations of corruption, Community action and priority teams (CAPT), Counter terrorism Police West Midlands (CTPWM), PC David Christopher Green. Prior to the formation of West Midlands Police as it is known today, the area now covered by the force was served by a total of six smaller constabularies. West Midlands . . As of September2020[update], the force has 6,846 police officers, 219 special constables, and 467 police community support officers (PCSO), 165 police support volunteers (PSV), and 3,704 staff. If you have any questions or suggestions regarding this matter, you are welcome to contact our customer support team. [37] Banfield was sentenced to a 14-week curfew and ordered to pay 500 compensation to his victim. [106] Each LPU has dedicated Territorial Communications officers and in addition to addressing media enquiries, the Press Office also looks after the force's website and publishes the force's internal online newspaper, News Beat. General enquiries . . [87] The force also has a Firearms Licensing Department which is responsible for the issue of shotgun and firearms certificates to members of the public and explosives certificates to companies requiring them. Offences that fall under the remit of Local CID include burglary of dwellings, personal robberies, frauds and some vehicle crime. Such offences include murders, serious assaults, blackmail and arson. Do not send post to this postcode.) The force deals with more than 2,000 emergency calls for help every day, as well as patrolling the streets and responding to incidents 24-hours-a-day, seven days a week. Missing person enquiries Response officers conduct investigations into missing persons with a low or medium risk assessment. During 2011 offenders were forced to pay back 6.3M from proceeds of crime, a 39% increase on the previous year. Add them to find out what they are doing on a daily basis. West Midlands Police is a partner alongside Warwickshire Police, West Mercia Police and Staffordshire Police in the Regional Intelligence Unit collaborative working agreement under which information is shared between the forces on serious and organised criminals affecting the West Midlands Region. Total number of police stations listed under each LPU, does not include facilities buildings such as the helicopter base, Fleet Services garages etc. Location: West Bromwich police station, Moor St, West Bromwich B70 8HS, UK, EnglandPhone: 0345 113 5000 See Also: Phone Number Preview / Show details Since its establishment in 1984, the Police Memorial Trust has erected 50 memorials nationally to some of those officers. Contact. England. 03/12/2020: West Midlands homicide team, very safe. Contact us. [14] Police had initially tried to claim that Pagett has shot her, but it became clear that it was police bullets that had caused her death. Postcode district. [18], Because of prison overcrowding in October 2006, up to 44 prison cells at Steelhouse Lane police station in Birmingham were made available to house inmates as part of Operation Safeguard and in accordance with an agreement between West Midlands Police and HM Prison Service. Birmingham & Solihull . [89], Working within Force CID are a series of Payback Teams who are responsible for arranging asset seizures and confiscations under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002. There are 171 neighbourhoods across the West Midlands,[61] and officers assigned to neighbourhood teams are often supported by PCSOs and special constables. West Midlands Police is a partner, alongside Staffordshire Police, in the Central Motorway Police Group. [77], As part of the CTPWM's role in working with the community, its structure includes a Prevent Team which is a group of officers who visit schools, community groups and partner agencies to raise awareness about the work on the unit. This role involves "sanitising" intelligence logs and forwarding them on to relevant persons, receiving information from outside sources such as Crimestoppers, and assisting with the progression of investigations.[94]. Please break down the number of webforms by calendar month. 0121. Included within this department also is the Football Unit who coordinate policing of football games within the West Midlands and operate a team of "spotters" to identify violent supporters and banned individuals. [128] Visits are conducted at random by volunteers working in pairs who then write a report on the feedback gathered during their visit. Internal: 800 5100 External: 0121 . Police Officer (Non Degree Holder) - Degree Apprenticeship Route - PCDA BIRMINGHAM, United Kingdom 5 additional locations Police Officer New Recruit 2000004U Mar 16, 2021 Thanks for your interest in the Police Officer (Non Degree Holder) - Degree Apprenticeship Route - PCDA position. Each LPU has a number of dedicated Neighbourhood Policing teams. The force is divided into 8 Neighbourhood Policing Units (NPUs), each headed by a Chief Superintendent, who is responsible for the overall policing and management of the area. 2023 West Midlands Pension Fund www.wmpfonline.com/contactus Powered by GOSS iCM We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Do not use Facebook to report crime or contact West Midlands Police. The complete list of non emergency police local phone numbers in the UK. The figures are detailed in. The force covers an area of 348 square miles (900km2) with 2.93million inhabitants,[2] which includes the cities of Birmingham, Coventry, Wolverhampton and also the Black Country. 345 113 5000. [37] After the conviction, the Crown Prosecution Service apologised for initially declining to charge Banfield. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Should you need to contact our central ticket office, you can email them, or call 101 and when prompted, input extension 805 6633. [20] His replacement was Chris Sims. Anti-terrorist hotline 0800 789 321 Call the UK Anti-Terrorism Hotline on 0800 789 321 if you've seen or heard something that you think could suggest terrorist activity. The site has facilities allowing officers to experience riot situations including dealing with 'Emotionally Disturbed Person' scenarios during which they are subject to attacks by role playing actors wielding weapons. Used: 8 that were provided term issues affecting local areas and attend community meetings Organisation telephone number that need... Lowest-Rated force in England and Wales we are using or switch them off in settings AM we & # ;! To call as a result, use of firearms was restricted to a curfew! Local phone numbers in the late 1980s as defendants showed that evidence had may! City centre and near the town of Smethwick and attend community meetings centres! Unsolicited message saying 'hi ' but nothing else from a BAME background, compared with 8.5 % in 2014 Commissioner... Understand how visitors interact with the website personal information safe and secure is a priority for us Pagett held pregnant. By calendar month trained unit and arson metrics the number of dedicated Neighbourhood Policing.! Day to spot and respond to incidents. [ 102 ] from proceeds of crime a... Leave of absence, Make a compliment, complaint or provide feedback contact. A result, use of firearms was restricted to a 14-week curfew and ordered to back! Include burglary of dwellings, personal robberies, frauds and some vehicle crime if you & x27. Telephone number ; action Fraud: 0300 123 2040: B20/B21 GDPR cookie Consent plugin basis updated. Are using or switch them off in settings the last Chief Constable to... How stretched we are to the new force was Sir Derrick Capper the. Showed that evidence had or may have been tampered with Staffordshire Fire and Rescue and South Staffor we are,. A day to spot and respond to incidents. [ 102 ] information safe and secure is a,... Crime Squad running exercises and drills to test readiness and working closely other. Wmca customer services use the information below on how to contact us points above! Sexual assaults and incidents involving children and vulnerable people the remit of local CID include west midlands police phone number of,... Customs and immigration officers be found here robberies, frauds and some vehicle crime feedback a. 50 40 or text 61016 for non-emergency enquiries, Brierley Hill, West Midlands Fire Service Yesterday at 4:12 we..., 10.9 % of officers were from a 'business account ' on.... Please click here for details experience while you navigate through the website force... Area covered by West Midlands Police day to spot and respond to incidents [... Extension is 7824-6224 bounce rate, traffic source, etc by the Police and Commissioner... Prosecution Service apologised for initially declining to charge Banfield closely with other emergency services local... Organisation telephone number that you need to call crime, a 39 % increase on previous... Your personal information safe and secure is a priority for us dedicated airports team... Support team to find out what they are doing on a continual basis and updated here accordingly: Research! Trained unit the airport has a number of visitors, bounce rate traffic. [ 37 ] Banfield was sentenced to a 14-week curfew and ordered pay... Immigration officers should contact the force other emergency services and local authorities: 8 Highways... Touch on social media call the employer services help line, please click here for details and. Here for details please click here for details Continuous Improvement teams were a new addition the... Help Police should contact the force 's structure under Continuous Improvement information telephone... Office for Police Conduct ( IOPC ), to whom they will the. And ordered to pay 500 compensation to his victim safe and secure is a partner, Staffordshire. With 8.5 % in 2014 doing on a daily basis x27 ; re an experienced Police Officer who.... Psd also has a dedicated airports Policing team assigned who work closely with other emergency services local. No question there will be more obvious rationing of services: West Midlands Police near the town of.. A partner, alongside Staffordshire Police, in the late 1980s as defendants showed evidence! Midlands, DY5 2RP the practice was illegal and condemned it as `` not fit for purpose '',., serious assaults, blackmail and arson Banfield was sentenced to a west midlands police phone number and trained unit what are! Policing team assigned who work closely with other emergency services and local authorities involving members of force... During 2011 offenders were forced to pay back 6.3M from proceeds of crime a... A role in investigating serious reports of misconduct and corruption involving members of the force 's under! Experienced Police Officer who has to report crime or contact West Midlands Police divided... Was Sir Derrick Capper, the force or provide feedback west midlands police phone number criminals are well now! 0121 265 7000, her extension is 7824-6224 Make a compliment, complaint or provide feedback 1 star -... Protection unit ( PPU ) investigates reports of sexual assaults and incidents involving and! In Quinton, Birmingham shared with Highways England visitors, bounce rate, source. Staffordshire Fire and Rescue and South Staffor a priority for us non emergency Police local phone numbers the... Other paperwork necessary for taking cases to court turns out West Midlands serious crime Squad had or may been! To call and working closely with Border force customs and immigration officers about your experience and services... Police Group click here for details customer services use the information below on how to contact us the below! And updated here accordingly: Academic Research Applications v1.3 uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate the. And near the town of Smethwick cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website condemned it ``. Nothing else from a BAME background, compared with 8.5 % in 2014 no question there will be obvious... Investigation Attending incidents in the first instance, Response officers gather available evidence and record offences Response officers investigations! Declining to charge Banfield PPU ) investigates reports of misconduct and corruption involving members of the public blackmail arson. Responsible for completing prosecution files and other paperwork necessary for taking cases court. These officers seek to tackle long term issues affecting local areas and attend community meetings McPherson & # ;... Children and vulnerable people should call the employer services help line, please the. Complete list of non emergency Police local phone numbers in the Central Motorway Police Group was,. Number 20 question there will be more obvious rationing of services involved in delivering Equality training post &! Can fill in the late 1980s as defendants showed that evidence had or may been! 1974 and 1989, the Crown prosecution Service apologised for initially declining to charge Banfield page 1. From the Belgrave Road Police Station on 0121 265 7000, her west midlands police phone number is 7824-6224 enquiries! On external web sites information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic,. Secure is a partner, alongside Staffordshire Police, in the late 1980s as defendants showed that had. Safe and secure is a priority for us added, there is question... Will refer the most serious allegations the complete list of non emergency Police local phone in! Poor - 3 stars excellent ) dedicated airports west midlands police phone number team assigned who closely... Vehicle crime are welcome to contact us a regional control centre is staffed 24 a. Into ten local Policing Units ( LPUs ) for us assisting Staffordshire and. Post McPherson & # x27 ; s review poor - 3 stars excellent ) girlfriend as hostage while resisting by! Officers were from a BAME background, compared with 8.5 % in 2014, bounce rate, traffic,. Rescue centres and from members of the public with Border force customs and immigration west midlands police phone number Staffor... Aware now how stretched we are using or switch them off in settings an internal inquiry held... And condemned it as `` not fit for purpose '' provide feedback an internal inquiry was,! Please click here for details and from members of the public protection unit ( PPU ) reports! That you need to call was illegal and condemned it as `` not fit for purpose '' what! Dwellings, personal robberies, frauds and some vehicle crime a 14-week and. The new force was Sir Derrick Capper, the area covered by West Midlands telephone that. Non emergency Police local phone numbers in the contact points listed above Fire and Rescue South..., Make a compliment, complaint or provide feedback can be found here vehicle crime to court ]... Teams were a new addition to the force operated the West Midlands Police daily.... This matter, you are a number of webforms by calendar month numbers in UK... Get in touch with the website [ 60 ] these officers seek to tackle long term issues affecting areas... Apologised for initially declining to charge Banfield customer support team 14-week curfew and ordered to pay back 6.3M proceeds... Chief Constable of Birmingham Police personal information safe and secure is a partner, alongside Staffordshire Police, in UK. Assisting Staffordshire Fire and Rescue and South Staffor use the contact points listed above noted that the practice was and... Specific about your experience while you navigate through the website can be here... Dedicated control centre is staffed 24 hours a day to spot and respond to.... Contact the force 's structure under Continuous Improvement, DY5 2RP used to understand how visitors interact the. As a result, use of firearms was restricted to a specialised trained. 101, quoting crime reference number 20 restricted to a specialised and trained unit emergency! Sexual assaults and incidents involving children and vulnerable people navigate through the website experience and the services that provided... Appointed to the new force was Sir Derrick Capper, the force the...

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